Exchange as a Basis of Social Life

Trade as a Basis of Social Life Why, and how, have anthropologists contended that trade is the premise of public activity? Trade is a demonstration of offering something to someone or accomplishing something for someone and accepting something in return.[1] As indicated by the Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology, trade is the exchange of things among social and actors.[2] Things can be human or creature, material or unimportant, words or things. The entertainers can be people, gatherings, or being, for example, divine beings and spirits.[3] In wide understanding, exchange and bargain are instances of certain sorts of trade. In this exposition, I expect that the blessing trade is the premise of public activity. From the eighteenth and nineteenth century, anthropologists turned out to be progressively keen on the subject of trade. In the previous century, there is a developing worry on the mind boggling social orders, for example the West. It prompts a progressively basic examination for the anthropologists on trade in West, when anthropologists, for example, Gregory found that trade is connected to economy. At this point, trade is a general action. Besides, anthropologists acknowledged trade is vital to all people groups lives. Mauss expressed that, trade is a complete social phenomenon.[4] In the accompanying, I will examine why anthropologists contended that trade is the premise of public activity. Trade and Reciprocity The ideological unadulterated blessing is uncommon in crude social orders. In more often than not, it is a good to restore the blessing to the provider. Repel (1986) take the point that the blessing is consistently am Indian blessing, which implies a proportional term consequently is required.[5] Parry took this point from his examination on the blessing contains some piece of the profound pith of the contributor. Also, this obliges the beneficiary to make a return.[6] Thus, we can see that the trade is identified with correspondence. As per Mauss, blessing are the crude simple in the event that the implicit agreement, at that point they obviously convey a social burden which in brought together governmental issues is expected by the state.[7] This is the motivation behind why anthropologists contend trade is the premise of public activity. Let us take the great case of blessing trade: the Maori hau. Sensibly, the hau clarifies why blessings are reimbursed. Mauss follows various types of trade so as to make out the connection among trade and correspondence with the public activity. In this article I will follow diverse structure if In this paper, I will examine about various kinds of blessing trade in various sorts of society, running from innate social orders, for example the Trobrainders and Kabre, to the cutting edge every day lives trade, for example Christmas present trade and carport deal trade. These ceremonies shows how anthropologist contend the announcement with the perception or hands on work The Trobrianders Kula During Malinowskis hands on work in Trobriand, he plainly inspected the fundamentals of the Kula for Trobrianders and other Melanesia islands in Papua New Guinea. The Kula is a type of intertribal trade between the Melanesia Islands. It is not quite the same as the Oceanic type of trade. The Kula depends basically upon the course of two articles of high qualities, yet of no genuine use. The endowments are conveyed in a round course which covers miles away over numerous networks occupying a wide ring of islands. All the principle exchange in the Kula is open and stately, and it is completed by its distinct guidelines. One of the significant attributes of the Kula trade is that the two things are going in various ways: the pieces of jewelry (soulava) travel toward clock hand; while the armshells (mwali) in inverse heading. As indicated by Malinowski (1920), the two articles never stop for any time span in the hands of any proprietor; they continually move, continually meeting and being exchanged.[8] Kula is basic for the Melanesian in view of its sociological capacity. Sociologically, Kula makes organization for a deep rooted relationship. It depends on a fixed and perpetual association and relationship which ties individuals from various clans into couple somewhere in the range of thousands of people. As Malinowski watched, the organization infers different shared obligations and benefits, and establishes a kind of between innate relationship on a huge scale.[9] Malinowski expressed that two Kula accomplices need to Kula with each other and trade other unexpectedly; they carry on as companions, and have various common obligations and commitments, which change with the separation between their towns and with their corresponding status.[10] He likewise referenced that the Kula association is one of the uncommon bonds which join two men into one o the standing relations of common trade of blessings and administrations so qualities of these natives.[11] There is a system of connect ions in the Kula ring which men know and trade with one another. In some circumstance, they will meet in the between inborn gatherings. Therefore, Malinowski called attention to that men are bound together by one normal energy for Kula trade and furthermore, numerous minor ties and interests. What keeps the relationship enduring is the correspondence of blessings to the supplier in the Kula ring. It is normal that the collector will give back a reasonable and full estimation of blessing to the provider. Also, a fine article must be supplanted by the one with equal worth, not by a few minor ones. Blessing economy in Kabre In Exchange (1999), Piot investigate the understandings about people, order and office that work in the trade setting in the Kabre society. Same as the Trobrianders, individuals in Kabre are relied upon collector should restore the blessing to the provider. In the public eye, particularly in Piots circumstance he was unable to comprehend French when he originally came to Kabre blessing giving is a sort of proxy language. From his experience, Piot proposed that the blessings were endeavors to convey, to overcome any barrier between us, to communicate relationship.[12] He understood that the blessing giving is a kind of good request, which is a cross examination of the other.[13] In spite of, there are different structures for trade in the Kabre society, all types of trade are spurred by the down to earth need of one of the parties.[14] There is a desure to build up social relations behind the Kabre trade. They are probably going to start ?kp?nt?r? with someone else through trade. In this way, all the trade in Kabre society is to do with connections similarly as with utilities. In addition, through further trade of things with more noteworthy worth or amount, the relationship develops. It is an incredible indication of companionship. Some of the time, when the relationship of two families becomes greater, there will be a course of action of marriage with the goal that the relationship won't be broken. On the off chance that this works, at that point there will be another marriage in the people to come, etc. Thus, the connection between the two families will keep going forever. Monetarily, Piot contended that the Kabre blessing trade framework creates the expanded association in the pay and ware area. He called attention to that by permitting works to take part more completely in the blessing giving by bringing in cash, social relations will at that point be expanded.[15] Piot take the point that people use things to access people as opposed to that they use people to access thing.[16] Piot additionally asserts that any blessing given sets up a connection between two people, consequently surrendering is consistently attached with control, power and the assignment of an other.[17] In the Kabre, trade doesn't just shape kinships. Meanwhile, it frames another premise of public activity the arrangement of marriage, connection gatherings and proclivity. Presents Exchange in Christmas Presently, let us take a gander at how current anthropologists contended the announcement through their perception of people groups conduct in the West, entrepreneur social orders. The trading of endowments is extremely famous in numerous pieces of the world. In the accompanying, I consider that trade happens with a summed up mode of trade, for example cash. Consequently, so as to encourage exchange, trade part with approach to selling (C-M), and afterward the cash is then used to purchase different products (M-C).[18] Carrier analyzed people groups outlook on trading Christmas presents and he found that it does identified with their social relations. The elevating sociality of Christmas features the significance of trading of presents, and it reflected people groups Christmas shopping conduct to the premise of public activity. As indicated by Caplow, guardians and little youngsters trade endowments in an inconsistent worth and amount. In more often than not, the endowments from the guardians to their small kids have more in amount and furthermore in esteem. There is no desire for equal return in this relationship. While, for present trade between the companions, there will be a functioning worry on the presents are surmised equivalent in value.[19] Carrier (1993:58) recommended that it is almost certain for individuals to demonstrate their love to their family inside a nearby kinfolk by trading Christmas present. As the relationship become progressively far off, individuals are more averse to show their tender. Or maybe, it would be an increasingly estranged giving and denotes the relations which will be genuinely indifferent utilitarian.[20] As referenced above, aside from trading Christmas presents in Christmas Eves feast, looking for Christmas presents is likewise a feature for the trade and it additionally keep up the premise of public activity. Transporter (1993:63) takes the point that the scope of social relations will be more noteworthy than typical when buying for the things. He recommended this would be a yearly custom to change over items into endowments. This custom permits us to celebrate and reproduce individual relations with the unknown items accessible to us.[21] Moreover, Boxing Day permits vendors to commend the various leveled relations outside their family units. Apparently, Christmas is simply trading Christmas presents among loved ones. In actuality, through trading Christmas presents, it praises relations with family, and furthermore the individuals who are particular from connection in the outs

Language acquisition Essay

Talk about synchronic and diachronic ways to deal with language. Contrary to the absolutely chronicled perspective on language of the past hundred years, Ferdinand de Saussure accentuated the significance of seeing from two unmistakable and to a great extent selective perspectives, which he called â€Å"synchronic† and â€Å"diachronic†. The word â€Å"chronic† has been gotten from Greek word â€Å"chronos† which means time. Synchronic semantics considers language to be a living entire, existing as a state at a specific point in time (an ital de langue, as Saussure put it, Greek â€Å"syn†-with, chronos †time). Diachronic semantics concerns language in its chronicled improvement (Greek dia through, chronos †time). In this manner distinct semantics is known as â€Å"synchronic linguistics† and considers a language at one specific timeframe. Verifiable phonetics is known as diachronic or worldly semantics and manages the advancement of language through time. For instance, the manner by which French or Italian have advanced from Latin, and Hindi from Sanskrit. It additionally explores language change. An investigation of the change from Old to Middle English is a diachronic report. Early English Middle English chint knightâ stan ston an o similarly, the investigation of a writer’s advancement from youth to development is a case of diachronic examination. The manner by which Shakespeare’s style changes from youth to development is likewise an occurrence of diachronic investigation. Saussure says: â€Å"Synchronic etymology will concern the sensible and mental relations that quandary together existing together terms and from a framework in the aggregate brain of speakers. Diachronic phonetics, despite what might be expected, will contemplate relations that predicament together progressive terms, not saw by the aggregate brain however fill in for one another without shaping a framework. † Thus synchronic phonetics manages frameworks while diachronic with units. The connection between the two parts of language study was diagrammatically spoken to by Saussure in the accompanying manner: C Xâ€X1â€X2â€X3 B A D Here AB is the synchronic pivot of simultaneities, CD is the diachronic hub of progression. Abdominal muscle is a language state at a discretionarily picked point in time on the line CD (at X); CD is the verifiable way the language has voyage, and the root which it will keep voyaging. The purpose of crossing point X demonstrates that neither bars the other totally. On the off chance that CD speaks to advancement over a period (express 100 years from 1850 to 1950), X1, X2, X3†¦ speak to the progressive condition of language 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890, etc. The distinction between enlightening or synchronic and authentic or diachronic semantics can be delineated by the outline of Saussure itself, who was the main individual to bring up the need of recognizing the two methodologies. We may think this is genuinely clear differentiation on the off chance that it had not been the situation that some very prominent nineteenth century researchers had neglected to draw it. Also, it should be drawn. Neither prohibits the other totally, obviously, there must be a state of convergence as far as the previously mentioned graph. Be that as it may, monitoring, the qualification permits us to concentrate consideration all the more answeringly on language from a given reliable point. Additionally, due accentuation on the synchronic (which had been dismissed measurement before Saussure) assists with explaining the significant point that a diachronic examination consistently pre-assumes, somewhat a synchronic report. It is difficult to consider the manner in which a language has changed starting with one state then onto the next without first knowing something about the two states to be analyzed. This need not to be a couple of complete synchronic depictions, obviously, to grumble that it would be a contortion of what etymologists really do practically speaking yet some nonhistorical examination is fundamental as a starter. Saussure adjusts his conversation with different analogies, of which his similarity with a round of chess is maybe the most celebrated. On the off chance that we stroll into a room while a chess game is being played, it is conceivable to survey the condition of the game by essentially considering the situation of the pieces on the board (as long as we probably am aware the guidelines): we don't ordinarily need to know the past moves from the earliest starting point of the game. What's more, in like manner the condition of board at each move is understood in any example of play we may wish to consider. The synchronic/diachronic differentiation, Saussure claims, is a lot of like this. Furthermore, without needing to drive the similarity excessively far, we can concur with him. All through the nineteenth century etymological research was firmly chronicled in character. One of the chief points of the subject was to assemble language families based on autonomous advancement from a typical source, or to contemplate language change. The portrayal of a specific language was made auxiliary to this general point, and there was little enthusiasm for the investigation of a language of a given network without reference to recorded thought. Saussure’s qualification among diachronic and synchronic examination of the language is a differentiation between two contradicting view focuses. By the by, substantial diachronic work must be founded on acceptable synchronic work in light of the fact that no legitimate articulation about semantic change can be made except if great portrayal of a language exists. Thus a synchronic articulation may well mirror certain authentic turns of events. For instance, two vowels of 'reel’ and 'real’ are portrayed as being essentially unique in light of the fact that the chronicled realities show various hotspots for the 'ee’ and the 'ea’. Then again, we discover articulations like 'ought’ is the past tense of 'owe’ and 'dice’ is the plural of 'die’. One can call attention to that these announcements are diachronically, however not synchronically, valid. A synchronic methodology is sufficient to pick up dominance over a contemporary language, yet it is important to have a diachronic depiction to comprehend the advancement of that language.

Early Action Decisions

Early Action Decisions We have just sent out this email to early action applicants: Subject: MIT Admissions Decisions Online Monday Sent: Wednesday, December 10, 2008 We are pleased to announce that MIT Early Action admissions decisions will be made available online on Monday, December 15 at 9:00PM EST. Q. What is the process for receiving my admissions decision? A. When decisions are released Monday at 9:00PM EST, simply visit ¬â€ https://decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and ¬â€ password that you use to log into your MyMIT account. There are no ¬â€ interim screens, so you should be sure you are ready to receive ¬â€ your decision online before logging in to decisions.mit.edu. Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. To ensure that you will receive a decision online, please visit ¬â€ https://decisions.mit.edu and enter your username and password. ¬â€ Decisions.mit.edu will be available this week for applicants to ¬â€ confirm their login ability and decision eligibility. Q. What if Ive forgotten my MyMIT password? A. You may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit https://my.mit.edu and click on the lost password link in the ¬â€ orange log-in box on the left. If youre having trouble using our ¬â€ automated username/password recovery process, or if youve ¬â€ forgotten your username, please email [emailprotected] with ¬â€ your full name and mailing address. Well use this information to ¬â€ locate you in our system and reset your password within a few days. Q. What if I dont have a MyMIT account? A. This year, we will only be announcing decisions online, so if you ¬â€ havent created a MyMIT account, make sure to create one so you can ¬â€ find out your admissions decision. ¬â€ If you do not currently have a ¬â€ MyMIT account and you wish to receive your decision online, you ¬â€ will need to register for one using your MIT ID. If you register ¬â€ without your MIT ID, your username and password may not work on ¬â€ decisions.mit.edu. Best wishes! MIT Admissions To reiterate: dont wait for decisions to arrive via email or snail mail, as we do not plan to send out admissions decisions in this way this year. However, following the release of admissions decisions, we will be mailing necessary materials to admitted students, cylindrically. Also, be sure to go the the Decisions site to ensure that you know your username and password. I wish you all the best. Early Action Decisions Hi folks, So sorry for the delay in posting this we wanted to be very confident in the decision release date before announcing it publicly. Were on schedule to release MIT admissions decisions online at 12:00PM EST on Saturday, December 15. (Decisions will also be sent via postal mail around this time, give or take a day or two.) If this date/time changes for any reason, I will announce it here, but I do not foresee that happening at this juncture. Decisions will be available to those who meet all of the following criteria: You have applied for freshman admission (not transfer or graduate). You have applied Early Action and your intended entry year (as designated in your MyMIT account) is 2008. What is the process for receiving my admissions decision online? In order to check your decision online, you will need to have registered for a MyMIT account and you will need to know your username and password. When decisions are released, simply visit https://decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and password that you use to log into your MyMIT account. There are no interim screens, so you should be sure you wish to receive your decision online before logging in to decisions.mit.edu. We will not be in the office on the weekend that decisions are released, so to prevent any delays, you should confirm your username and password well in advance by visiting https://decisions.mit.edu and following the instructions there. What if Ive forgotten my MyMIT password? You may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit my.mit.edu and click on the lost password link. What if I dont have a MyMIT account? If you applied using our online application, you already have a MyMIT account. If you applied using our paper application, however, you might not. If you do not have a MyMIT account and you wish to receive your decision online, you will need to register for one using your MIT ID, which was sent to you via postal mail soon after receiving your paper application. If you have misplaced your MIT ID, or if you never received it, you may call our office (617.253.3400) to request it. If you register for a MyMIT account without your MIT ID, your username and password may not work on decisions.mit.edu. Will there be any indication of my admissions decision in my MyMIT account? Admitted students will see the addition of the Admitted Student Portlet in their my.mit.edu account sometime during the week of December 17. (Deferred and denied applicants will not see a change.) Less than 6 days! Hang in there everyone. :-)

The Tax And Its Effects On America Essay - 1391 Words

There could have been outside elements that could have swayed Bush or Obama into extending the tax cuts but private interests were clearly involved to allow this to continue. Over the past couple of years, the government is faced with shut down because of law of funds and debt but still continue to allow the hyper wealthy and large conglomerates to continue to reap immense profits without paying their fair share. How to evade taxes To add a new level of complexity to the equation that allow tax lawyers to work their magic for large corporations and hyper wealthy individuals is the countless loopholes to choose from. Individuals have the ability within the tax code to reduce or defer the capital gains tax through many ways. List theses Taxpayers may defer capital gains taxes by simply deferring the sale of the asset. In addition, depending on the specifics of national tax law, taxpayers may be able to defer, reduce, or avoid capital gains taxes using the following strategies. A nation may tax at a lower rate the gains on investments in favored industries or sectors, such as small business. There may be accounts with tax-favored status. The most advantageous let gains accumulate in the account without taxes; taxes are paid only when the taxpayer withdraws funds from the account. Selling an asset at a loss may create a tax loss that can be applied to offset gains realized in the future, and avoid or reduce taxes on those gains. Tax losses are a business asset, but theShow MoreRelatedTax Havens And Its Effects On America1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition to allowing corporations to store billions of untaxed dollars, tax havens are also used to support dictators and undemocratic societies. All dictators like Muammar Gaddafi have had billions of dollars stashed in tax havens all around the world. â€Å"Tax havens are also used as the principal route through which laundered money escapes developing countries.† (Palan) The reason tax havens exist, is for the same reason why they existed 50 years ago; to attract money and investments from aroundRead MoreThe Bush Tax Policy During George Bush Administration963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of the tax policy during the George Bush administration. This policy is formally referred to as Bush Administration Tax Policy. The implementation of the policy has had a lot of influence on the economy of the United States of America. In this case, the tax policy has affected the revenues in the country ad also the budgetary issues. Various studies have been undertaken by non-partisan institutions in the country and evaluate the effect of the tax policy that was implementedRead MoreCapital Gains Tax During The Civil War1599 Words   |  7 PagesTax began in America during the Civil War when congressed passed the Revenue Act of 1861. This was a tax on personal incomes to help pay the wages of the ongoing war. From this time different acts have been included and repealed on capital gain and taxes. From the past to current, the United States has shown the importance capital gains tax. This paper will give a brief history of how capital gains tax began in America, where the United State is now, pros and cons for arguments for and against capitalRead MoreThe American Tax Code : How Our Government s The Wealthy1448 Words   |  6 Pages The American Tax Code: How Our Government Subsidizes the Wealthy Tax deductions, credits, special rates and homeowner deductions will allow the richest 20 percent of Americans to receive more than half of the $900 billion in tax benefits in 2013 (CBO). America does not treat all sources of earnings equally. Currently, the American tax code’s approach to income tax progressivity is focused on economic models in which labor is the only source of income. Since the upper class often accumulates largeRead MoreTax Cuts Research Paper874 Words   |  4 PagesTrump Administration Tax Cuts and their Effects on the Economy According to a 2017 report titled â€Å"Tax Reform that will make America Great Again,† the current tax reform plan is meant to create more jobs in America and grow the economy much faster. Additionally, it aims at simplifying the tax code that grant tax relief to the middle-income families and promises to bring down business tariffs to record lows in America. The simplification of the tax code for every American seeks to enhance consumerRead MoreMark Cuban, billionaire owner of the Dallas Mavericks, wrote, â€Å"I have NEVER met a motivated person1100 Words   |  5 PagesMavericks, wrote, â€Å"I have NEVER met a motivated person who has said they would not chase their goals because of tax rates.† (Cuban) Warren Buffet has pledged to give away 99 percent of his wealth. Bill Gates now dedicates his life and wealth to philanthropy. On the other hand, of course, it is not hard to find a rich person that feels victimized by the tax code. When President Obama proposed a tax increase on private equity firms, billionaire Steve Schwarzman said, â€Å"It’s a war. It’s like when Hitler invadedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1082 Words   |  5 Pages Marijuana can give off deadly or fatal actions that could to harm toward the user or those around the user. While also marijuana can be a help to the economic problems that America faces today. The Hawaii State Government should legalize marijuana because it is a non-addictive substance, it has the potential to increase tax revenue, and there are medical benefits to its use. Most Americans today believe that marijuana is a very addictive and dangerous drug that should not be legalized. â€Å"DuringRead MoreAmerican Companies Are On The Move Case Study989 Words   |  4 Pageswith foreign firms to shift their tax bases abroad. More specifically, the author argues these said companies are saving big by lower, foreign tax rates. He/she writes, â€Å"’corporate inversion’, has been an attractive way†¦ to reduce their tax bills.† In this passage, the author is suggesting that the benefits of outsourcing are attracting more and more of American business. In conclusion, the author`s belief that the high tax rate is driving business out of America. In my view, the authorRead MoreTax Reform : A Quintessential Recalibration1494 Words   |  6 PagesTax Reform: A Quintessential Recalibration In a world filled with economic turmoil, one might look at a loaf of bread today at the grocery store and wonder if it will cost the same tomorrow. The inflation factor has driven prices of food, energy and many other life essentials to an all-time high. In countries like America where the national debt has soared into the double digit trillions. It becomes a question in the minds of many, â€Å"how will we ever pay this money back?† This is a question of greatRead MoreEssay on The Buffett Rule and Tax Reform949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Buffett Rule and Tax Reform As the tax cuts enacted by George W Bush during his presidency come to a close, the importance of reconciling spending and taxation has produced a spirited debate as to the best manner in which to solve the debt crisis. One voice in the debate is that of Warren Buffett, Chairman and CEO of the holding company Berkshire Hathaway and one of the richest men in the world. He has come out against the status quo tax policies, stating â€Å"My friends and I have been coddled

Academic Aspect Of My Life - 898 Words

Strive not to be of success but to be of value were the inspirational words spoken by the prodigious Albert Einstein. From my acknowledgement of this phrase, it has always been the driving force for life, for when I aspire, I aspire to add value not only to my life but to those I come in contact with. As a child, my parents always ensured I had a Christian foundation and excelled both academically and socially. On the academic aspect of my life, I was constantly highlighted for my various achievements such as the highest BJC s and BGCSE s results for my senior high school, Senior Class President, Head Girl and the Class of 2015 s Valedictorian. Socially, I was impelled to join extracurricular activities such as Junior Achievement, 12th Bahamas Scout Group and Revere Dance Ensemble. Here, I was able to exercise my business management skills, survival skills and my dancing skills. As a result of the diverse interactions I have experienced, I could truly say it has formed me into the pe rson I am today. Each activity and achievement has played a vital role in my life because I am able to understand and overcome diversity and this has resulted in my humbling spirit. Nevertheless, with every mountain, there is always a valley nearby. My journey for value was not an easy one. During my preteen years, my family s finances began to fluctuate. My mother was unemployed and my father was pursuing his master s degree. As a result, we did not have a place to call our own. WeShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of An Autonomous Learner835 Words   |  4 Pagescurrently reading for my STLC class goes into great detail explaining and emphasizing the importance of the characteristics of an autonomous learner. An autonomous learner is described as â€Å"a person independently competent in a wide variety of academic tasks, able to actively achieve goals based on values, and skilled in self-reflection† (Sellers, Dochen, and Hodges). The 7 critical attributes of an autonomous learner are essential for me to have in order to achieve the academic success I strive forRead MoreMy Academic Journey1241 Words   |  5 Pagesnot yet aquired the academic confidence or perceive education as a priority. Looking back at my adolescence, both of these perspectives were displayed through my behavior. Nonetheless, the past eight years of my life illustrate major growth and development as an individual, a family member, a co-worker, and a student—a journey which led me to this moment. Literally, this very moment! I now possess the academic confidence to present an analysis of my lifes history and academic objectives to a committeeRead MoreKey Aspects Of Effective Communication1476 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication skills and how it is reflected in specific practise with a sessional academic. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflective analysis of the interview and a review of recent research in order to determine suitable strategies which will assist in my communication in the future as a researcher. The 4Rs of Reflection: Reporting and responding to the interview The interview was conducted with a sessional academic of four years who’s interests lie in hamstring injury and rehabilitationRead MoreMy Personal Statement On Writing Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesTopic A: REQUIRED (no essay on file) There are many unique aspects I have experiences that lead me to my academic background and success today which includes me being the first in my family to go to college, my health, and my work ethic. I find me being the first in my family to attend college being a unique part of me. I grew up in a small town with the type of household that doesn’t put academics first. My household was as long as you pass you’re doing good because no one experienced a higher educationRead MoreMy Interest On The Host Country1038 Words   |  5 Pages · What is your interest in the host country? My interest in going to Spain is because I traveled there for a week during my senior year of high school and fell in love with the country and the city of Barcelona. From the local’s laid-back view of time with their Siestas, their way of taking to the time to enjoy the little things in life, and the perfect weather, it wasn’t hard to fall in love with the place. I am a huge soccer fan and Spain has two of the greatest teams in the world with the wildestRead MoreGen200.Personal Responsibility Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesalthough an individuals responsibility is never ending, it is important to weigh out priorities to support individual success directly correlated with aspects of an individual’s life.   Things, which matter the most, must never be at the mercy of things, which matter least (Goethe, Johan Wolfgang Von 1749-1832) Within an individual’s life, generally speaking, there is so much balancing needed. Let us touch base on finding the importance of personal balance. This day and age, people areRead MoreWhat Was Beneficial About The Book Is Not Beneficial?1734 Words   |  7 Pagesbeneficial? I read this book during my spring break holidays. I took me a week to read the book and after reading it I came across various new concepts about how we as a student should follow rules and regulations when we actively participate in academic activity. The book benefited me and provided me the knowledge about academic honesty, plagiarism and how to continuously follow honesty on daily basis in school involving academic work. The book is all about academic honesty impact and different sourcesRead MoreThank You For Taking The Time To Consider My Application1143 Words   |  5 PagesThank you for taking the time to consider my application for the Principal position at Holy Spirit Catholic School. It excites me to learn about the current opening from my father and mother-in-law, Michael and Lynn Paul, who are parishioners at Holy Spirit. In visiting Holy Spirit over the last three years, the growth of the school has stunned me. The physical building was not the sole thing that impressed me, but meeting families from the school and reading the school webpage revealed a deeperRead MoreAdmissions Application Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pages I would like to thank the Tufts Admissions Department for the opportunity to further discuss my application and hopefully alleviate any concerns that you may have. I would first like to explain the circumstances of my supplemental question submission. I clearly did not dedicate the time and effort that I should have to these questions as we all agree. After my second visit to Tufts attending classes and spending additional time with the softball players and coaches, I knew it was a great fit forRead MoreWhy Academic Integrity Is Important For The Classroom Of Today s Society1343 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic Integrity is a value that many students, from high school to college, do not take serious; however, it should be taken more serious by these future scholars. Academics are a very important part of today society. Next we have Integrity, an aspect that I believe our society should value more. With the changing times and technology becoming more sophisticated, students are finding it easier and easier to cheat on homework and other important assignments and in most cases they get away with

My personality Free Essays

In the beginning I had a hard time to composed myself and thinking about how to start this essay. Until I found myself searching for my pen and a pad of paper and started to write of things that I have done in my existence. Oftentimes I find myself staring at something I don’t even see. We will write a custom essay sample on My personality or any similar topic only for you Order Now But I can see something more imaginative on the screen of my mind. But what do I really think of? I think of my family, friends, my girlfriends, and the people of my past and the people of my future. Later on when I get back to the real world, I realized how much time I have wasted. But later still I want to reminisce, and think again of many things, both pleasant and unpleasant. I realized that whether they are pleasant or unpleasant they are still worth thinking of. They don’t make any difference for they serve the same purpose in shaping me for what I am now. I was born from a Christian family and grew up with God-fearing and God-loving person. On this year Thanksgiving Day, I will be celebrating my 18th birthday. We are five in the family; I have a sister and a brother who are very supportive to me. My family is the epitome of prominence that gives me the thought of living a wonderful life for they are very understanding and always there for me no matter what. I have the reasons to be proud of my self because I have my family, my friends, and my girlfriend. I can sweep you off your feet with my debonair and gentlemanly ways, but hands off, single girls, I’m happily taken. You can just catch glimpses when I’m around. I’m actually sensible and quite perceptive. I am a very frank person but sometimes a smooth talker; I can make you believe that pigs have wings. However, I am a considerate person who possesses one of those smiles that make you forget all your troubles. My friends would tell me that I am a nice person. After all, if I weren’t nice, I won’t have many friends. A very hardworking person you can see in me and with high expectations to every people I meet. Despite my disposition, I can be easily approach. Some of you may see me in mid-stride, overwhelming with an air of super cool confidence but digging deeper into my persona, you will find that I am the 3’s: serious, sensitive, and sentimental. You should not base your judgment on your first impression because once you get to know me deeper; your first impression won’t last. I am most determined to be like my father or better than him, who like him is very responsible of his family. Who has a lovely wife; my mom, and wonderful three children. Soon as I got my bachelors degree, I will be handling one of the family’s businesses with the dignity to continue and make it bigger for a better future. In the hurry scurry of the everyday life, we still find time to reminisce our childhood years and that makes us smile. Life is full of beautiful things: soft sunsets, painted rainbows, delicate blossoms, love and laughter, quiet moments and good friends like I have. Friends everyone should have. They enjoys being with me, accepts me for who I am, and is faithful when the chips are down. We’ve gone through a lot of difficulties that friends usually going through but still we are together. We would travel jointly and have some fun. On weekends and whenever we feel to, we would play golf, or go skiing or yet get involve in fishing. You know when you are up, your friends know who you are and when you are down, you know who your friends are. We are like siblings and a family. 50 years from now, I’d be so old or else I might not be physically present here anymore. Whatever it may be, I might forget them, or might not remember ever knowing them or might forget that I once cared for them, I might but I won’t, because they are my friends whom I can let into the house when I am turning out drawers. Releted essay –  An Empty Purse Frightens Away Friends For one million memories, for one hundred thousand inside jokes, for ten thousand great times, for one hundred secrets there is only one reason: we are friends. A large part of my person was telling me to let go and choose the safe way out. My friends would tell me that wits rule over the idiocy of the heart. I believed them. The problem was that my soul seemed to have a mind of its own and refused to see reason. I used to be a player, a great player not until I met Christi. It was late Wednesday morning I was too busy listening to the radio when a friend invited me out. I went to the meeting place and grabbed a chair sat next to this beautiful girl. A little while, we were having a chat. I was star stricken and almost forgot that I was going to meet instead my good old friend. Later on, we became close. At times, he would join my friends and me for lunch or snack and she would then insist that I eat with her friends as well. One day, I just realized that i am falling in love with her. There are times that I think I was falling out of love. But whenever that happens, something would happen; someone would come along and tell things about her as if implying that she feels the same way too.   And somehow my dying feelings would be restored to life. She may seem to be the answer to all the prayers and wishes I have made for the last seventeen years of my existence-for me to find that someone who would manage to complete this weary soul and tame this heart who used to play with girls. I was then too scared to allow her to come into my life. I have suffered enough disappointments. I want the person I will give my heart and soul to would be worth all the pain and sacrifices. One night, as I sat in front of the altar, I was trying to recall everything that happened from the first time we talked up to the day we had watched a movie. I knew by the end of that day that she was the one. Hearing her talk about life, seeing how interested she was in what I had to say, my heart has finally found home. I like the way she value the people he love. I envy the way she would look certainly at life. I value the way she shows her concern not only to me but also to everyone she meets. She is the only girl I know who can manage to be composed under difficulty. And she wouldn’t judge nor preach, the way she just look at me straight in the eyed tell me in not so many words that she understand me completely and that her whole being is there to catch me when I fall. In short, I love her. I love her for the entire she is, for all that she stands for and believe in. she is worth every tear I have shed. I choose to love her through all the days of my life. I thank her for making me realized that life isn’t just about playing. I now understand what love is-Christi. They are the people who have always been my inspiration in living life to the fullest. My family, friends, and Christi motivated me and have molded me for what I am now. No life could be better than living it according to one’s desires with respect to success and good reputation. I don’t let the day passed without telling them that I care and love them. I always cherish the day with them. In developing my personality, I just don’t only need my whole self but the people around me have got something to do to of how I had grown up. And thanks to them that I know I am a better person now because of them. My life wouldn’t be as fulfilled as like now if not because of my determination to make up from my incomprehensible perplexity. There’s always a better outlook. Works Cited: â€Å"Essay Structure†. BestEssays.com. 2007 http://www.bestessays.com/guide.php.    How to cite My personality, Essay examples

The Interactive Documentary Wasteland

Introduction Wasteland is an interactive documentary that tries to explain the transformational role of art in our society. In this case, it explains the importance of nature in changing people’s lives. The movie takes us to the world’s largest dumb site that is located on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro. While there, Muniz photographs a lot of catadores who end up as important characters in the movie (Muniz 6).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Interactive Documentary Wasteland specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of these catadores are people who have dedicated their lives to picking recyclable materials from the dumpsite. These people are able to reinvent themselves as inspiring characters from the way they recreate photographic images. This means that they are able to recreate their images from garbage which helps us to understand their despair mostly as they try to reinvent their lives. It s hould be known that the most renowned alchemy of human beings is well explained by this documentary. Thesis Vik Muniz is very insightful from the way he interacts with different trash pickers. This is based on the fact that the movie has been able to combine visual beauty with social awareness which is something that many people have ignored as time goes by. This is a very good documentary where Muniz is able to collaborate with different trash pickers for a transformative cause and initiative (Muniz 4). As far as the thesis review is concerned, the documentary has been able to achieve a good fusion from the unexpectedly huge landfill. There has been an argument that the documentary is just an excuse for people to investigate the lives and activities of people who are involved in the collection of trash from different dumpsites. The society can not imagine that trash pickers are amazing people yet this is a fact. Notably, trash pickers live on the fringes of a highly polarized socie ty which should be evaluated for long term sustainability (Muniz 14). Documentarians have been able to capture the true picture of different men and women from the dumpsite through interviews. In this case, the documentary is trying to show that these people are striving to make a living from very deplorable and unimaginable circumstances. Main Points The main point from this movie is the fact that people are striving to maintain hope and personal dignity from unimaginable places in our society. This means that the vigor with which they have approached life can make an individual live his or her life fully (Muniz 9). In this case, it is based on their vibrancy and vitality that is very insightful and inspiring. There are tricky and ethical issues in the documentary that revolve around balancing the lives of trash pickers because there is room for capsizing and exploitation. The collective effort of trash pickers is seen from the way they are able to form a political association that will be able to fight for their wellbeing. The documentary can make an individual examine his life which inspires people to live better.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion This is a very insightful documentary because it shows us that people who are in difficult circumstances can still be able to accomplish great and unimaginable things. In this case, it is quite obvious that if certain people are given a chance, they can excel and be successful. It should be known that this wonderful documentary is able to find beauty in unexpected places. We should care deeply about each other to make the world a better place because there is power in collectiveness. The transformative nature of art has been well explored. In fact, this is something that can be seen around us from different dimensions and perspectives (Muniz 17). The whole process is very amazing and inspiring which he lps us to understand people’s creativity. Works Cited Muniz, Vik. Wasteland. 2010. Web. http://www.wastelandmovie.com/ This essay on The Interactive Documentary Wasteland was written and submitted by user Marie Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

HCA333 M7 Lecture Notes Essays

HCA333 M7 Lecture Notes Essays HCA333 M7 Lecture Notes Essays HCA333 Mod 7 Lecture Notes We will examine two cases this module. In Trunkl v. Regents of University of California, Hugo Trunkl filed a case of alleged negligence in hopes of recovering damages for a resulting personal injury. The case was brought against the University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, a hospital operated and maintained by the Regents of the University of California as a nonprofit charitable institution. Following Hugo Trunkl’s death, the case was carried on by his surviving wife. The old rule in the United States gave charitable or religious hospitals complete immunity to suits of negligence. Further, any other two parties could normally agree to waive negligence of another in a medical setting. In the new rule, as set forth by California, states that, â€Å"All contracts which have for their object, directly or indirectly to exempt anyone from responsibility for his own fraud, or willful injury to the person or property of another, or violation of law, whether willful or negligent, are against the policy of the law.† In other words, the charitable hospitals los t all of their immunity. The court held that patient-hospital contracts fall within all contracts affecting public interest. If the interest is a public interest, the negligence can never be waived. It was determined that the admission room in the hospital is not a bargaining table, therefore the hospital insisting the patient accept the waiver provisions in the contract gained an unfair advantage over the patient who was in no position to reject the proffered agreement. In Shorter v. Drury, the case is an appeal for the wrongful death medical malpractice of the bleeding death of patient who refused blood transfusions for religious reasons. Doreen Shorter, a Jehovah Witness was prohibited by her religion to receive blood transfusions. Mrs. Shorter was pregnant and had a â€Å"missed abortion† meaning the fetus had died and the uterus failed to discharge it. It is medically prudent to evacuate the uterus to guard against infection in such a case. A â€Å"dilation and curettage†, a D and C, was recommended to evacuate the uterus. There are three primary methods for conducting a D and C. Dr. Drury chose the method that often

Contingency - The Relationship Between Behavior and Reinforcement

Contingency - The Relationship Between Behavior and Reinforcement Definition: Contingency is the relationship between two events, one being contingent or a consequence of the other event. Behaviorism (ABA) sees all behavior as a response to an antecedent and driven by the consequences. All behaviors have a consequence, even if that relationship is not very clear either to the observer or the student who may be the focus of an intervention, either behavioral or instructional. The goal of an Applied Behavior Analysis intervention is to change behavior. It may be to increase the desired behavior, to replace a problematic behavior or to extinguish a dangerous or difficult behavior. In order to increase the desired behavior, the student needs to know that receiving reinforcement is directly related to the behavior, or contingent on the behavior. This relationship of contingency is incredibly important to the success of an Applied Behavior Analysis program. The success of establishing contingency requires quick reinforcement, clear communication, and consistency. Students who dont receive immediate reinforcement, or are not clear about the relationship of contingency, will not be as successful as those children who clearly understand the relationship or contingency. Examples: It took a while for the team at Jonathons school to help him understand the contingency between his behavior and receiving reinforcement, so they repeated a simple imitation program with direct, one to one reinforcement until he would comply regularly.

Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux Essay

Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries to contemporary art - Essay Example The essay "Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries to contemporary art" discovers how artists through their artworks have tried to bring out the idea that migration, exile and displacement that are matters as a result of political and social changes, which have generated the wider world of modernity. Displacement comprises of one of the main parameters in our cultural development currently, and constitutes desired geopolitical characteristics of the present life. Art has taken advantage of displacement in countries that are not economically and politically stable. Levi and Scheding are of the opinion that â€Å"maybe the only generalization possible is that displacement must be understood as a complex and heterogeneous mass phenomenon.† Displacements of artist have a wide context in which they affect the artists. Rather than subjecting the artists into a new physical environment, there are more situations playing behind . Levi and Scheding term them as the social, cultural and historic contexts. Artistic displacement has faced a series of events in it which include the movement of images, goods, information and people. These subject contemporary artists to a wide range of concepts. Many have tried to understand the essence behind displacement and contemporary artists. Tactfully, many artists would find opportunity to show case their ability, and therefore need to relocate to desired places. In other cases, nature and political stands come on the way.

The Ethical Significance of Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethical Significance of Consumerism - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of consumerism as a negative phenomenon because it involves the purchase of various items and products in very large quantities. Consumerism is often understood as a kind of manic enthusiasm for shopping. This concern is amplified by the fact that â€Å"consumerism appears to be becoming increasingly global in its influence†. Despite the opinion that consumerism is a negative phenomenon (it increases man's dependence on the service sector making him/her earn more), one can point out several arguments in favor of the idea that in ethical terms, consumerism is good. Firstly, one should remember that consumerism is able to bring psychological satisfaction for a shopaholic, making his/her inner condition calm and balanced. In addition, consumerism may be presented in the form of ethical consumerism. Finally, participating in the economic development of the region, consumerism helps to create more favorable conditions of life for many pe ople. Consumerism has ethical significance in the sense that it can help to stabilize relations between people. There are people who need to perform actions that can bring them pleasure and at the same time contribute to the stabilization of their psychological state. As a result, a shopaholic relieves his/her psychological tension and stress and can continue communicating with his/her friends and family in a peaceful state of mind. In addition, consumerism can be presented in the form of ethical consumerism.

Okonkwo Essay -- essays research papers

Okonkwo Tragic Hero Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slowly the men make their way up the hill with Obierika in the lead. Leaves crunch as feet uniformly step onto the ground. The commissioner and his soldiers are warily eyeing their surroundings. Each man snuggles close to Okonkwo’s compound wall, hoping not to be seen. They go past a small bush. It is next to a red hole in the wall where small animals enter and exit the compound. Finally, the men all stop. They spot the body dangling from a tree. They stand upright in shock. The carcass of Okonkwo steadily swings in the breeze. As each man looks upon it disbelievingly, Obierika says to the commissioner heatedly, â€Å"That man was one of the greatest men in Umuofia. You drove him to kill himself, and now he will be buried like a dog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 207). In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character of Okonkwo displays many different aspects of his personality that lead to this moment. Even though Okonkwo is in a society that forbids suicid e, for many reasons he chooses to end his life this way. Thus, Okonkwo becomes a tragic hero, and at the end of the book, he takes his own life to end his pain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two of the characteristics of a tragic hero are that the person is of high birth and his actions affect the nation. â€Å"Unoka, for that was his father’s name, had died ten years ago. In his day he was lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomorrow† (page 4). High birth can be a miracle or a curse, high birth comes with the ability to achieve the impossible and this is Okonkwo’s focus in life. Unoka to Okonkwo is a failure and he strives to be the exact opposite of his father and make a name for himself apart from his fathers. â€Å"Unoka loved it all, and he loved the first kites that returned with the dry season, and the children who sang songs of welcome to them† (page 5). The happiness that Unoka enjoys is not the result of high birth it is because of his love for the simple moments in life and the music that flows around it. Okonkwo does not enjoy life and all it has to offer and ultimately he will not obt ain victory. â€Å"As he broke the kola, Unoka prayed to their ancestors for life and health, and for protection against their enemies† (page 6). Prayer is ultimately the most important aspect of Unoka’s life, even though he is not of high birth, and as he bes... ... much. Overall, his error is in the way he treats his family and how he can not lean back on them in his time of need. â€Å"Take down the body† (page 208). Okonkwo commits many errors within his life and pays for it in the most sinful way, suicide. He dies as a result of the white man’s invasion as well as other affairs that are symbolic to his life. â€Å"His body is evil, and only strangers may touch it† (page 207). The body of a dead person in Umuofian culture is evil and it is unholy for a friend to touch it, for that reason a stranger must touch Okonkwo. Okonkwo’s body is not only evil from death but it is evil from his personality and soul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thus, Okonkwo becomes a tragic hero, and at the end of the book, he takes his own life to end his pain. Okonkwo a man in disguise is a victim of wrong choices in life and dies for it as a noble purpose. Okonkwo is a human being and with that comes the result in fatal flaws that result in his downfall. High birth is not of Okonkwo’s back ground, but ultimately his actions affect Umuofia in more ways than he could ever understand. Okonkwo not only is a tragic hero, he is also a victim of his own fate and destiny.

How Effective Was Victorian Policing?

When police forced were first set up in the early nineteenth century, they were very unpopular. This was due to the fact the police were criticised for violent and drunken behaviour. Furthermore such as the cost of running the police force and the public feared them as a threat to their personal and political freedom. For example, the police didn’t solve any crime â€Å"the lack of protection† and mainly many places did not have a police force until 1856, which meant that there was no point having them because it contrasted greatly with the population.One point historians find that Victorian policing was a failure is that most of the time the police spent clearing drunks and beggars off the street, and not solving serious crime, such as only four numbers of arrests were made in 16 years. Late Victorian England is described by some historians as a ‘golden age’ of policing because of the amount of public trust and approval.There were reforms which meant that there were less drunkenness in the force and the public approved the police were seen more as a friend than threat. Also the people thought it seemed worth it to run the police force. This was because the police force was starting to realise their mistake and learned from it. There was an increase in the number of arrest the police made and the crime rate began to steadily fall.Furthermore they started to gather evidence from the public and made prosecutions, which suggests the police were taking action and tried to solve crimes. In addition there were new technologies-this system was to classify information more efficiently. But historians also ask whether this really was a ‘golden’ age. For example the Bertillon system was difficult to use, therefore there was no much point to use them; unless a witness could give detailed descriptions of the criminal.One major point that proves the Victorian policing was a failure is in the nineteenth century police officers werenâ⠂¬â„¢t trained enough. Overall, to some extent the Victorian policing were effective in that they learnt from their mistakes and kept improving, but to some extent it wasn’t effect in preventing criminals effectively or solving crimes. However in my opinion the Victorian policing were effective in the way that if the mistakes weren’t made, we’d be faced with the same problems now.

Meet 10 Heroes of South American Independence

Essay about Critical thinking - 2390 Words

The Significance of Critical Thinking Ability In Terms of Education Murat KARAKOÇ Ä °stanbul AydÄ ±n ÃÅ"niversitesi Institute of Social Sciences, Ä °stanbul, Turkey, muratkarakoc52@hotmail.com Abstract: This study explained critical thinking ability in terms of education processes and the importance of thinking critically for a student who attends any education programme. Developing the ability to think critically is an important element for modern education approaches and models. This study intends to give a framework on the concept of thinking critically while teaching or learning.this study is limited to the literary description of critical thinking subject. The world is getting both more technical and more complex day by day,†¦show more content†¦2.3 Thinking in Education Education, perhaps the most basic need for people, is the process that provides the development of human. According to Meyer (1976) the aim of education is to nurture the individual, to help the to realize the full potential that already exists inside him or her. There has always been a strand of educational thought that held that the strengthening of the child’s thinking should be the chief business of the schools and not just an incidental outcome – if it happened at all ( Lipman, 2003 ). Qualified education should show the way to students about what and how to learn. While students evaluate what they learned and their learning methods, they manifest their critical thinking abilities (Emir, 2009). As Cotton indicates(1991) : â€Å"If students are to function successfully in a highly technical society,Then they must be equipped with lifelong learning and thinking skills necessary to acquire and process information in an ever changing world†. One of the aims of education should be developing students’ thinking skills as well as motor skills, which is basic goal of contemporary approaches in education. According to Elder Paul (2008) students are not passive but active while they are realizing critical thinking. 2.4 Critical Thinking When the term of ‘Critical Thinking’ is searched, it is understood that there are meanings of it which are suggested in the frame ofShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking And Critical Thinking753 Words   |  4 Pagesaway from the normal. We begin the critical thought process of thinking outside the box. Critical thinking is the process of evaluating your decisions, providing positive or negative feedback, and researching conclusions. At the point when used correctly, it reduces the issue of complacency in how we carry on with everyday activities. Critical thinking in a personal business decision Before I started my business as being a mobile deejay, I had to make critical decisions on the type of events, sortRead MoreCritical Thinking1715 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT: TOURISM UNIT CODE: UCU 103 UNIT TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING GROUP MEMBERS NAMES: REG.NO. CONTACTS SIGN GEOFFREY A.G T12S/8705/2013 0728812037 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PETER WAMBUI T12S/19590/2013 0726581625 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ROSE WACHIRA T12S/21534/2013 0717236599 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... NASSIUMA PURITY T12S/21394/2013 0702057789 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... RADHI OLANG’O T12S/19632/2013 0704290026 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHEMUTAI DAISY T12S/19632/2013 0702645207Read MoreCritical Thinking2910 Words   |  12 Pagescreate the correct and fast solution to solve our problems. One of the ways is to think critically. Thinking is a good process but thinking alone will not help us to develop our minds. That is when critical thinking may take place. Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Using critical thinking one makes a decision or solves the problem of judging what to believe or what to do. It helps us to buildRead MoreCritical Thinking1324 Words   |  6 Pagespaper explores critical thinking skills and teaching them in an educational setting. Teaching critical thinking is highly debatable. Many feel as though it is not a necessary skill that needs to be learned and others feel as though it is not a skill that can be taught. In this paper I will discuss what critical thinking is and ways it can be taught in an educational setting. Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Schools For many years critical thinking has been an importantRead MoreCritical Thinking3288 Words   |  14 PagesCritical Thinkers and Education A Teachers Goal Bia Mcgrue Scypion EDU372: Educational Psychology Prof. Jimletta Vareene-Thomas 2/20/2016 Critical Thinkers and Education A Teachers Goal Throughout life we are challenged and we encounter an abundance of issues or problems that we need to solve. Some problems that can be resolved effortlessly and efficiently but other obstacles may require a more critical and creative thinking to overcome. When it comes down to thinking to solve problemsRead MoreCritical Thinking975 Words   |  4 Pageseliminated to strengthen the authors argument?†¨.†¨You can also support your assignment using the critical thinking concepts from previous chapters with points on evidence, confirmation bias, the authors communication and research skills, manipulation of language, use of reason, emotion, open-mindedness vs. narrowmindedness, the three-tier model of thinking, resistance and barriers to critical thinking, etc.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Assignment Expectations: Your assignment should be a minimum of 500 words (this does notRead MoreCritical Thinking . Critical Thinking Is A Major Component862 Words   |  4 Pages Critical Thinking Critical thinking is a major component of the nursing process. Critical thinking is define as, â€Å"that mode of thinking—about any subject, content, or problem—in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them† (Paul and Eder, 2012). Nurses who critically think about their patients have a better chance of solving the patient’s problems quickly and successfullyRead MoreCritical Analysis On Critical Thinking1311 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Self Reflection Essay Critical thinking has been defined as the ability to be a disciplined thinker by using clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence. Critical thinking is a skill that takes years of practice to master. In this essay I will reflect on my personal stage of critical thinking and what strengths and weaknesses I currently have. This personal reflection will include what challenges I will face to advance my critical thinking skills and what requirements a criticalRead MoreCritical Thinking : A Critical Thinker1230 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking is the process of analyzing certain problematic phenomena or ideas, along with its complex dynamics, in order to theorize healthier and more productive solutions. Critical thinking juxtaposes its noun form by describing the critical thinker, in which society is constantly and heedlessly creating. This is the direct result of the systematic nourishment of societal prejudices, misogyny, and inequality, which only contrives devastati ng and life changing events in its victims livesRead MoreCritical Note On Critical Thinking1137 Words   |  5 PagesKristen Hofner Final Assignment on Critical Thinking The key variable in determining the quality of what I learn in college is due to my thinking. My professors have played a role in my learning, with some of them helping me learn more than others, but even the best professors will be very little help to me if I’m deficient in the critical intellectual skills essential for learning. Over the semester I have seen significant improvement in my time management skills and reasoning and writing skills

Essay on Integrity - 1425 Words

integrity Danielle Shingleton Exemplification essay 10/3/10 Integrity We are presented with choices every day. Many are easy to make and cause very little stress, but some choices can be extremely difficult and have significant consequences. The difference between making the right choice or the wrong one is often determined be a persons character, which is based upon the qualities of integrity, responsibility, and honesty. Gaining an understanding of these three character traits and how to build them is critical to creating a lifetime of positive outcomes. Honesty is the quality or fact of being honest. Finding a pen off the floor and giving it to a teacher is honesty. Not keeping the pen was respectful and honest, in order to reach†¦show more content†¦The Nazis saw Hitler as a man with integrity. We saw Hitler as a cruel unfair man without integrity. Good character and integrity are easiest to demonstrate when facing public disapproval, but the true test comes when you can potentially get away with anything because then nothing is at stake but your own conscience. Trustworthy is very similar to truthfulness, uprightness, and honor. Truthfulness is when a person consistently tells the truth, and is honest. Honor is the equality of being honorable, and to show respect for others. These simple but powerful words are components of integrity. A person of integrity does exactly what he says and says exactly what he means. There is no conflict between his thoughts and actions. His actions are consistent with the values he professes . According to Dr. William Manninger, A building without integrity may receive structural damage, or even collapse, in a storm. Similarly, people without integrity are blown about by the winds of misfortune and destroyed by catastrophes, for they lack the firmness, solidity, and strength of character to weather any storm. This means that integrity is one of the six essential qualities that are the key to success. The other five are sincerity, humility, courtesy, wisdom, and charity. Integrity is about doing what is right rather than what is appropriate. Not everyone has integrity; the family lifeShow MoreRelatedIntegrity : Integrity And Integrity1488 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is integrity? This is a very complicated question with a million different ways to answers. Integrity is something that a person can possess. It is something that a structure can possess and it is something that a sport can possess among many other things. When someone is asked if they have integrity the pers on must think about what qualities are associated with integrity. When thinking about the word integrity pertaining to people it has a much different meaning than when it is mentioned pertainingRead MoreImportance Of Integrity In The Military1561 Words   |  7 Pageswill be discussing the importance of integrity, and what ways it builds cohesiveness in the United States Army. Integrity is defined as, â€Å"Adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty.† Integrity is one of the ethical values that the army uses to stay in check and remains a key value in the army. Before we look at the importance of integrity, let us first look different definitions of integrity. The true meaning of integrity is sometimes very tricky. Acting ethicallyRead MoreEssay Ethics and Integrity1219 Words   |  5 PagesReflective Essay # 2: Integrity Article Integrity: Without It Nothing Works I have learned a great deal about the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. From the article, the term integrity means that it is â€Å"a matter of a person’s word—nothing more and nothing less†. It is important that one should know the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. I learned that integrity is more on the commitment a person makes and keeps to fulfill what he/she said he would do. I feelRead MoreIs Integrity A Good Reputation?1249 Words   |  5 PagesAnyone who has been to first grade or a Sunday-school class knows that integrity is â€Å"doing the right thing when nobody else is watching.† It is a simple explanation for a supremely important and difficult to define concept. Integrity is not something that comes naturally to everyone, but it is one of the most valuable attributes that others can perceive in you. If you break the trust created by having integrity, just like a good reputation, it will take a long time to rebuild it to a serviceableRead MoreIntegrity Is The Greatest Moral Obligation Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatest of these obligations is leading with integrity because it’s the one thing that you control and it creates an environment of trust within your command to accomplish any mission. This essay focuses on current and historic examples where integrity has played a major role in the morality of leader. The first point in why leading with integrity is the greatest moral obligation is that you are in control of your own integrity. Personal integrity is often described as doing the right thing whenRead MoreRespect and Integrity in the Military Essay2636 Words   |  11 PagesRespect and integrity, what really do those mean? I could look up those words in the Oxford English Dictionary or Websters, or Dictionary.com and give a scientific, perscise and exact answer to these words. And while that tells you what they mean, does that really give their meaning. Well by Dictionary.coms standards respect is a noun that means to hold in esteem or honor, and to show regard or consideration for. And Dictionary.com says that integrity means an adherence to moral and ethical principles;Read MoreNon-commissioned Officer and Integrity1037 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, integrity is â€Å"the adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty.â₠¬  According to the Army Values, the definition of integrity is to do whats right, legally and morally. It continues to say that integrity is a quality you develop by adhering to moral principles and that it requires that you do and say nothing that deceives others. Integrity is something that is instilled in us in the beginning of basic training. As we grow in our militaryRead MoreThe Top Ten Academic Professional Integrity Elements1443 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: The Top Ten Academic Professional Integrity Elements As a student at American InterContinental University we all have a certain code we must follow. Being a professional student, my duty is to abide by the rules of honesty set by the college to be professional at all I do. The code of honesty set by the college states, â€Å"that I pledge that all test taken and work submitted by me will be my original own ideas and of my own efforts.† (Student Handbook, 2011) Showing honesty in anyRead MoreThe importance of Integrity and Honesty in criminal justice field and in schoolwork.2014 Words   |  9 PagesIntegrity and Honesty Integrity can be defined as an uncompromising adherence to a code of moral, artistic or other values, utter sincerity, honesty and candor, avoidance of deception, expediency, artificiality or shallowness of any kind (Websters 3rd New International Dictionary 1174). In simpler words this means to maintain high standards and follow the rules, even when no one is watching. Integrity is very important in our everyday life if we wish to be good people. The sad thing is that ifRead MoreIntegrity : Integrity And Integrity1144 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrity constrains provide a way of ensuring that data are entered or updated in a database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data quality. Integrity constrains could either be a specification of uniqueness for values of column (for example, only allowing the input of â€Å"M† for male or â€Å"F† for female in the gender field) or validation for values of a column (for example, allowing only a specified range of value s for a field that records a patient’s temperature. Integrity Constrains Referential

Sainsbury Case Study Free Essays

string(46) " all the new demands consumers might possess\." Introduction Sainsbury’s is now the third most important food retailer in the United Kingdom. In 1995, Tesco overtook the company to become the market leader after more than 20 years of constant growing. It has recently been pushed back by Asda in 2003. We will write a custom essay sample on Sainsbury Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sainsbury’s Supermarkets employ over 145,000 people, including Sava Centre. A large Sainsbury’s Supermarket offers over 23,000 products, 40% of these are Sainsbury’s own brand. The Sainsbury’s supermarkets serve over 11 million customers a week and as at June 2002 had 463 stores throughout the UK. In the year ended March 2003 it reported worldwide group turnover of over ? 17. 4 billion and profits of ? 454 million, with a total of over 170,000 full-time and part- time staff. The enterprise was founded in 1869 from an idea of John James Sainsbury’s and his wife Mary Ann. The first store was opened in Holborn, London and was selling fresh foods and later specialised into packaged groceries. Their strategy was â€Å"Quality perfect, prices lower†. The stores were very innovative by having their own label lines and presenting the products to consumers in a new way. They had marble counters, mosaic floors, as well as staff uniforms. The success was sudden and many other similar stores were created in London. On every shop, there was a high cast iron sign saying ‘J. Sainsbury’s. In 1922, it became the Uk’s largest grocery group, and so got incorporated as a private company under the name of ‘J. Sainsbury Limited’. During these times they promoted quality fresh food produced with their own label line which made them extremely successful. The firm kept on growing even though it had to face the recession during the World War 2. Many stores got destroyed during London’s bombardment and the decrease of the national income weakened the society. But in 1956, Alan Sainsbury’s became chairman after his father, John Benjamin’ Sainsbury’s death. He came up with a new idea of promoting self-service supermarkets in the Uk after a trip to America. Their goal was to match quality of nationally branded goods with lower prices. The company went through its golden times. Innovative ideas and low cost of production gave the company a strong market position when it went public in July 1973. At the time, the family owned 85% of the firm’s shares. It was the largest ever flotation on the London Stock Exchange with ? 14. 5 million available shares. The future of the company looked bright and they start replacing their 10 000 sq. ft. high street stores with self-service supermarkets above 20 000 sq. ft. New stores were opening in all England and the company invested in new technology. In 1991, the group was generating major profits and raised ? 489 million in new equity to fund the expansion of the superstores. In 1992, the long time CEO John Sainsbury’s retired and was succeeded by his cousin, David Sainsbury’s. He had different plans for the firm and decided to bring a change in the management style. But wrong decisions such as reluctance to move into non-food retailing or the indecision between quality or value made the company go down. Problems such as increasing infrastructure costs, stronger and consolidated competition from other stores were starting to rise. The firm was not focusing on low prices anymore but more on the store look and supply chain improvements. Their market and share loss to Asda shows quite well that marketing mix is important to customers. Macroenvironment Political factors Political factors are about how and to what extent the government intervenes into the organization. These interactions may include: * Labor law * Environmental law * Tariffs and quotas * Political stability * Tax policy * Trade restrictions For example, the fact of European Union extensions and new countries joining it, has an impact on the variety of products sold in Sainsbury’s. We can now see some foreign products as Polish beers or Cypriot yoghurts sold in the local supermarket. The goal behind this is to attract new customers by giving them the products they are used to buying in their own countries before coming to the UK. For employment legislations, the government encourages large retailers as Sainsbury’s to offer a mix of vacancies from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs, as well as employing students, elderly people and working parents. Sainsbury’s offers thousands of jobs to people in the UK, being a labor-intensive sector and having a great impact on the employment rate by hiring large numbers of students, disabled and elderly people. The wages paid to this category might be the minimum wages, but at least the unemployment rate is slightly reduced. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these employees provide a higher level of loyalty and try to give their full abilities at the workplace. Trade restrictions between the UK and the rest of the world greatly affect supermarkets like Sainsbury’s as the buyers are not able to find what they are looking for in stores. All the foods imported must pass a strict control in order for us to see them on the shelves. Political stability around the world may also bring a chaos into our fridge. In the case of demonstrations, protests or more serious political conflicts, we can have delays or even cancellations in the arrivals on products in the country. If we just imagine that Brazil went on strike for a week, where would we be getting our coffees from every morning? Socio-cultural factors Socio-cultural factors are about how new trends and styles emerging in the world around us can affect our economy. Our world is changing and developing every day with people adapting new habits and getting aware of new things going on. These can include: * Career attitudes * Safety emphasis Age distribution * Population growth rate * Community works Sainsbury’s can be so called the modern supermarket, following all the new market trends and rapidly responding to all the new demands consumers might possess. You read "Sainsbury Case Study" in category "Free Case study samples" It is operating under a good reputation and always following the responsibility for the society and the surr oundings, by organizing charity events, sponsoring games, competitions, etc. The last few decades, the population in the UK has been ageing as there is a low birth rate, so Sainsbury’s in return has been hiring elderly employees to satisfy the unemployment gap in that age section. Elderly buyers are looking to purchase affordable, healthy foods which makes supermarkets take actions. In general, there has been a great shift of people wanting to eat healthy and quickly, thus Sainsbury’s has introduced vegetable packets and healthy meal deals. Consumers are always in a hurry not having time to get home and cook a proper meal, so more frozen, ready meals have been offered to them. An increase in immigration of buyers from the Eastern Europe has made Sainsbury’s introduce new recipes and more variety of goods for that group of customers. That is now why we can see Lithuanian or Romanian products as sausages sold in Sainsbury’s. A large number of people from the Middle East living in the UK have also made a big impact, this is why we now see Halal meat or an enormous variety of spices in our local store. Legal factors * Discrimination Law * Antitrust Law * Employment Law * Consumer Law * Health and Safety Law Legal factors are related to the legal environment in which the company operates. Sainsbury’s is in the boundaries of legal factors in all three fields: locally, nationally and globally. There have been many changes in the laws passed in the UK over the last few years, one of the examples being the age discrimination law. This law says that all people, regardless their age should be treated the same at their workplace and promotions should be allocated regardless the age. The upper age for payment of Statutory Sick Pay has been removed, meaning that people over 65 who are still working are entitled to SSP the same way other employees are. This of course has had a big impact on supermarkets as Sainsbury’s as the management has to be very careful when selecting people filling the vacancies and obeying this law. Another example of a legal factor was when The Food Retailing Commission suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices without notice. (Mintel Report, 2004) On the 1st of October 2011, the minimum wage in the UK for an adult(over 21) has been changed from 5. 93 to 6. 08 pounds an hour, promising there will be room for more generous change in the future as the economy recovers from the financial recession. This has hit the Sainsbury’s pockets’. 5 pence an hour for each employee can add up to hundreds of thousands of pounds per week for Sainsbury’s. In January 2010, it has been announced that a new law was going to be issued that all under 21s will have to show an ID card when buying alcohol in the supermarket. There were also rises in the alcohol prices during this campaign to discourage people from drinking. This has given Sainsbury’s a hard time, as less people are able to buy alcoholic drinks either due to age limit or high prices. No one can take a wine bottle through the till without proof of age anymore. ) Economical factors Each government has an important impact on each company. Like other companies, Sainsbury’s was affected by a lot of economical factors as: * Taxation charges * Economic growth * Inflation * Exchange rates * Changes in income Each factor has a different impact on company. For example, the taxation charges force the company to increase the price of products to achieve the desired profit. If the taxation charges are low the price of products is lower and when the taxation charges are high, the price is higher. Another factor is inflation. Inflation changes from year to year and affects more and more the customer. If in 2000 with 100? you bought 100kg of sugar, now in 2011 you can buy only 50kg of sugar. The economic growth can affect your company in a bad manner or in a good manner. For example, now we deal with a crisis period and large companies like Sainsbury’s suffer a lot. The economic growth also has some employment effects. We can see a rise in the number of people employed by Sainsbury’s and this affects the United Kingdom economy. Now in 2011 we deal with a crisis period and appear some changes in population income. The number of companies that went in a bankrupt or are nearly to bankrupt has been increased and this results a large number of unemployed people, which means a decrease in sales. Sainsbury’s also established a bank in 1997, part of Lloyds Banking group. Sainsbury’s Bank offers a lot of services like travel money, car, health and life, pet insurances. Also Sainsbury’s Bank covers loans, savings accounts and has its own credit card and security plans. 2) Technological factors â€Å"Forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities† – Kotler P. amp; Armstrong G. , 2008. Principles of Marketing, 12th Edition. Technology for Sainsbury’s is significant because it helps control the population and attracts new and potential customers. With technology, Sainsbury’s can create new sort of products useful for population. Technological process is improving from year to year and helps company to decrease the product ion costs. In these processes are increasingly used machines and robots and because of this many people lose their jobs. By introducing more machines than people can reduce the waste of products and other costs. The products also are more complex with new facilities. In all these years of existence, Sainsbury’s developed some technological strategies of product selling. The Sainsbury’s improvements of product selling are: * Online shopping * Online recruitment * Bar coding * Self service counter Online shopping improves a lot the sales because it helps the consumers to buy directly the product, without going to the store. The customer has more time to choose the product, compare with other products and also compare the price. Sainsbury’s has also an online recruitment service. This service would save the company ? 4million a year in administration costs. It helps you to become an employee of Sainsbury’s by only sending your CV to their Online Recruitment Office and they will choose one. Bar coding it is a very innovative method of sorting the product. The bar coding helps the company to be more ordered and the customer also. For example, some kind of mobile applications that can scan the bar code and shows you the best price for product. Self service counter is another technological process which reduces the workforce costs and with this service the customer can avoid queues. For example, If you are in a hurry or you have only two or three products and you do not want or have time to sit at the queue you can use self service counter for a fast way to pay for products. 3) Environmental factors Environmental factors refer to ecological and environmental aspects such as weather and climate which can affect a company and may change the number of sales in a large company like Sainsbury’s. A company cannot change the environmental factors, but it does have fair amount of control over impact on its performance. For example, if the number of rainy days will increase, maybe the number of raincoats and umbrellas will increase too. That is how environmental factors affect a company and can have good parts and bad parts. Sainsbury’s also adopt an ecological factor which can reduce pollution. Sainsbury’s Recycle offers customer the opportunity to recycle every old mobile phone, digital camera, MP3 or games consoles and finally the customer receives money. Also Sainsbury’s introduced some sort of facilities for customers to reduce the non-renewable materials (such as oil, coal, gas) and use renewable materials (such as forests). These facilities are: * Home insulation – a facility for your house to stop the heat escaping from your house * Solar electricity – Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels allow you to generate your own electricity * Feed-in tariff – The Feed-in Tariff is a Government initiative that encourages and rewards people for generating their own low carbon energy through a renewable source. Ecogen – Generate electricity with your boiler – An Ecogen Micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system replaces your boiler, burning gas to create heat and hot water, and on average it generates about 30% of the electricity a household needs Sainsbury’s drew up a partnership with British Gas and they established their own gas stations. This partnership aims to help the customers to save energy (non-renewable materials like gas) and reduce the costs by introducing Nectar. With Nectar Collector you can collect points on every day shopping and then you can spend points however you want. Microeconomic environment The general discussion in this part is the market research and the structure of Sainsbury’s market. These factors influence what sort of competition the organisation is facing and how does the organisation manipulate the 7Ps. We are going to look at the internal factors like: Product and services, relationship with customers, charities and supplies. Product and Services To be successful, Sainsbury’s operates through an important market research. Their aim is to increase their sales and to do that they take into account the four marketing mix e. . product, price, place and promotion. Sainsbury’s is in the oligopoly category and as not many firms are in this important category they are always trying to gain market share. The product research is one of the key to achieve their goals. Sainsbury’s is well known for their quality and this is important to beat the competitors. They need to focus on what the customer wants before any othe r company does. In today’s society everybody is attracted by a product with a good quality and Sainsbury’s is able to provide permanently high quality goods. During the year 2004 they have invested in their food ranges and have improved/ developed over 3200 products and Sainsbury’s have constant supply of fresh fruits and vegetables on shelves 24 hours. † To be sure that all the goods are fresh they have a special staff to make sure that the products are not expired. Sainsbury’s is one of the first market dealing with their own products for example; soft drinks and glossaries. Furthermore, it is one of the first supermarkets in the UK to provide its services with a home delivery service. They provide this service to help the older people and to make their customer life easier. Moreover, to improve their sales and make a big growth they have specialised staff trying to take the customers comments and needs. Therefore they can improve the product with most negative comments and vice versa. In Sainsbury’s, the promotion is an important factor to introduce a new product on the market. It has to be advertised to be sure that the customer is aware of it. The concept is to create a message which is directly targeted to the people. To make sure that the new product is going to be very popular they make promotion on it for example during the first month. In addition they make different offers in every period of the year. During the summer it is going to be on the fruits and frozen products while during Christmas they make discounts on every product to influence the customer to buy more. All these advantages allow them to be well differentiated from their competitors. Finally, Sainsbury’s have different types of stores which are providing different types of services. When customers want to buy a small amount of goods they can go to the local Sainsbury’s which providing less goods. For larger amount of foods, the customers can go to the large stores. They have more products and more services around e. g. public transports and car park facilities. Relationship with customers The relationship with the customer is very important and it is a factor creating more popularity for the firm. In every business the customer is seen as the most important ‘key’ for the company to work well. If the customer is not enough satisfied the company will loose its popularity. For Sainsbury’s, it is very important to keep a close relationship with their customers by providing good quality food but at a fair price. The Human Resources department involves the management of people and them different key areas. One of the most important one is the customer service assistance. Employees are trained to give a great service to the customer. For instance; in Sainsbury’s there are the cashiers but customer may also see some employees who help the customers with the selection of goods and packaging. One more key attribute about Sainsbury’s is that they provide good relationship to their customers and have an internet- based services which have deliver efficient home delivery and 93% of UK households are currently using their internet services. Furthermore, after a survey in 2004/05 were they mention capitalist from the sacrifices made by J Sainsbury’s to continue good relationship with their customers. In 2004/05 also reduces prices on 7. 000 products and the typical week’s shopping cost 1. 6 % less than a year ago. Moreover, J Sainsbury’s were named organic supermarket for the third time in 2004/05 period time. And supported Taste of Success in a link which promotes Food education and cooking in Schools and for this activity have participated more than 250. 000 children. Moreover, customers are attracted by a product not only for the price and the quality but also by the package. Even if they don’t think it pass through their mind when they buy the product, the package is one of the most important things and the sales are going to be higher with a coloured and attractive package. Finally, the main aim is to have customers who are dependent on the supermarket. Therefore, Sainsbury’s try to keep regular opening hours and they make sure that the queuing times are not excessive. Moreover, they make sure that the products are always available because when you have to deal with an accustomed customer, you can’t say to him that the product is out of stock because there is a chance that this customer is just coming for one product only. To reduce the cost, Sainsbury’s is always equipped with a store manager. His job is to ensure that the actions are fast with good quality. If all the operations are done effectively then, the costs will be low. Charity J Sainsbury’s is one of the big companies which strongly believed that success is not only how to increase the profits of the business and also a different section that works on how to help people that have any kind of problems. For example J Sainsbury’s in 2004/05 supported several national charities and donating food and equipment. Moreover in 2005 J Sainsbury’s customers were using coins machines in their stores. The machines take a 7% commission which raised the following sums in 2004/05: Children in Need gave ? 15. 233 also for British Red Cross gave ? 17. 881. Moreover, gave ? 18. 015 for Cancer Research and ? 9. 361 for Unicef. Furthermore, J Sainsbury’s gave for British Heart Foundation ? 9. 627 and ? 5. 533 for WWF and for Red Nose Day 05 gave ? 3. 300. In addition, J Sainsbury’s have donated 150. 000 thousand pounds to Children Society in support to encourage young people to eat healthy. Also, all J Sainsbury’s stores have charity boxes where customers can donate their change to local charity. However, J Sainsbury’s after all these benefits which helped a lot of people is still continuing to provide help to people with needs. In 2004 J Sainsbury’s collected a total of ? 1. 7 million from collogues throughout the company and from customers at various stores which then donated it to the affected populations of the Tsunami in Thailand. Also J Sainsbury’s for one more time revealed their sensitivity for people who need financial support. Last May colleagues have raised ? 3. 000 for charity which helps children in need with shortened life expectancy . Children with illnesses require expensive equipment and J Sainsbury’s brand raised the money and the charity is able to provide some of this equipment. According to the aforementioned, the humanitarian efforts from people that work in J Sainsbury’s give pleasure and happiness in people with needs. Phillip Wardman , online groceries manager at J Sainsbury’s York store dedicates his leisure time to support the Yorkshire Air Ambulance which relies solely on donations from the public. This year he organized a 24- hour bike ride from Edinburg to York covering 210 miles. Moreover, Phillip Wardman said he wanted to do something different for the charity and this certainly was challenge. However, he had been named ‘’Local Hero ‘’ by the York store and he was also awarded by their Chief Executive, Justin King. In my opinion the success for all the kind of businesses is not only to find profit and loss the end of the season and perform accounting procedures . Of course it is essential for all the businesses to find out how well the sales went the previous year but it is also important to think how you can help people who are unable to have the same benefits and the chances as the others. Services J Sainsbury’s brand aim in every day basis is to provide an easy access to customers. At present J Sainsbury’s are experimenting new approaches which can reduce queuing times at checkouts. Moreover, in 34 stores customers can use a hand-held scanner to scan theirs items while they shop at Sainsbury’s. Also, they have introduced self services checkouts in 58 stores nationwide. J Sainsbury’s have been reported to have 600 drivers operating more than 400 vans providing services in 2005/2006 and were serving 38. 000 customers per week. In addition, J Sainsbury’s was the first chain store to sing up to the guide dogs for blind people street charter in 2005. This aims to provide the right support for blind or partially sighted customers. SWOT of Sainsbury’s SWOT analysis is a strategic management method used to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, as well as threats associated with a project or a business venture. It involves laying down main objectives of a business project in addition to identifying the favorable and unfavorable internal and external factors that may affect the achievement of a given objective. It also helps in identifying suitable areas for development. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the planning process for achievement of the objective may be derived from it. First, the decision makers, using SWOTs, ought to determine whether the objective is achievable. In the event that the objective is not achievable, the process is repeated after selecting a different objective. The aim of any SWOT analysis is to establish the key internal and external factors affecting the achievement of an objective. The internal factors are strengths and weaknesses, which are dynamics from within an organization while opportunities and threats are forces from outside of an organization are the external factors. These come from within the company’s unique value chain. Sainsbury’s is an internationally recognized chain of supermarkets based in the United Kingdom. Its headquarters are situated in London which is a strategic place due to ease of accessibility. It owns J Sainsbury’s plc. : This is the main company of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd. The main competitors of Sainsbury’s are Tesco and ASDA who overtook it as market leaders. Their other investments are in banking sectors and property management. In 2004, Sainsbury’s performance improved and this has been attributed to Justin King, its current CEO. In our analysis of Sainsbury’s, we focus on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths Strengths are features of a business that are used as a basis for developing competitive advantage. Sainsbury’s has been in market for a substantially long period of time. This is enough to make it popular among its loyal customers, therefore is has used marketing and unique branding techniques to capitalize on the U. K market. Differentiation of products and services offered has been determining factor to Sainsbury’s success because it states what the company stands for. Not only does it serve United Kingdom customers but it also has other chains stores, self selection stores and supermarket across major European countries. The companies’ logo was designed with a conspicuously orange color, which is a key factor in its identity. With its current Chief Executive Officer, Sainsbury’s has seen total transformation symbolized by its growth rate, a high stock turnover and huge profit margins after tax and dividend deductions. Justin King has managed to employ and upraise his current staff and this has been a major step towards facing competition posed by ASDA and Tesco. Furthermore Sainsbury’s has been involved in community initiated programs. As a company it appreciates its place in society and it is obliged to give back to the community through social responsibility. This has won the company not only customers approval but also favors from environmental activists who portray it as having a good brand. Another factor that has seen Sainsbury’s through the hard hit times to become strengths is use of advertisements. Advertisement is an art, which should be done skillfully to create a lasting impression in the eyes of customers. Keeping this in mind, Sainsbury’s chain of supermarkets has used celebrities to advertise specific product groups boosting sales. Embracing online advertisement has been a major factor in promoting its products both locally and internationally where interested customers then transact through e-commerce. In summary, the main strengths portrayed in Sainsbury’s SWOT analysis include; reputable management, skilled labor force, advertisement, loyal customers and a strong brand name. Weaknesses Weaknesses are characteristics that place a business at a disadvantage relative to others. The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. For example; a weak brand name, high cost structure, lack of patent protection, poor reputation among customers, lack of access to key distribution channels and lack of access to natural resources. In some cases, a weakness may be the flip side of strength. Sainsbury’s has failed to protect its markets against threats and potential new entrants. Being better placed with high competitive advantage, it ought to have utilized the opportunity as the first chain of supermarkets in the U. K to remain a market leader. To implement this it could consider being a price leader of the entire market enjoying economies of scale to the disadvantage of its competitors. By so doing Tesco and ASDA could have found the market too harsh for them to compete therefore reducing their activities. Lack of brand visibility has been a lacking factor in the success of Sainsbury’s. For products to sale they have to be organized and properly arranged on the supermarkets shelves for customers to see and select. Therefore supermarket shelves need to be spacious enough to accommodate oods and allow ease of access incase a customer picks on a given product. In trying to fix the problem of inventory display and shelf space, the results were even more disastrous. The new arrangement format was more confusing to customers. Opportunities Opportunities are external chances to improve performance in a business environment. The external environmental analysis may reveal certain new opportunitie s for profit and growth. Examples of opportunities include; use of new technology, loosening of government regulations, removal of tariffs and trade barriers. Sainsbury’s has great opportunities, which could see it back to the top. They have a great opportunity to win back the trust of their target customers through better customer service. Loyalty program is another great way of safeguarding repeat sales and committed customers. The company also has shares in financial services sector, though there might be new business opportunities to explore. Alternatively, Sainsbury’s could use its chain of supermarkets and other business investments to secure its financial future just incase of economic recession or as a prospect for investment. Threats Threats are external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Changes in the external environmental also may present threats to the firm. Examples of threats include: a change in consumer tastes in favor of competitors products, presence of substitute goods in the market and stringent barriers to trade. Sainsbury’s needs to invest in more environmental programs despite knowing that it will not directly benefit its stakeholders. Economic meltdowns are beyond an organizations control, therefore the shaking world economy is a threat to Sainsbury’s group of businesses. REFERENCES 1. Brassington F. and Petit S. , 2006. Principles of Marketing, 4th ed. 2. Prentice Hall; Pearson Education. 3. Kotler P. nd Armstrong G. , (2008), Principles of Marketing Twelfth Edition 4. Brassington F. and Petit S. , (2009), Principles of Marketing Fourth Edition 5. Katameni,2010. Macro environment and The marketing mix used by Sainsbury’s [online] Available at: URL:http://katamaneni12. blogspot. com/2010/09/macro-environment-and-marketing-mix. htm l [Accessed 19 November 2011] 6. User: ukstudent , 2008. SWOT, PESTEL and Porter’s 5 Forces analyses of Sainsbury’s [online]. Available atURL:http://www. swot-pest-porter. co. uk/index. php? action=vthreadforum=1topic=5[Accessed 20 November 2011] 7. Mark Tran, 2006. Sainsbury’s introduces compostable packaging [online]. Available at;URL:http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2006/sep/08/supermarkets. business;[Accessed 20 November 2011] 8. Anonymous, 2011. Products and services[online]. Available at: ;URL:http://www. sainsburysenergy. com/products-and-services. html? bghlinkid=HP1016; [Accessed 22 November 2011] 9. Anonymous, 2011. Save ; Create[online]. Available at: ;URL:http://www. sainsburysenergy. com/save-and-create. html; [Accessed 22 November 2011] 10. Frances B, Stephen P (2006) Principles of Marketing, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited Publisher 11. Sainsbury’s (2011) Retrieved from (online) at http://www. sainsburys. co. uk/home. htm [Accessed on:19/11/2011] 12. Sainsbury’s  (2011)  142 years of history,  [online] Available at: http://www. j-sainsbury. co. uk/about-us/sainsburys-story/ [Accessed: 18th Nov 2011]. 13. Race to the top  (2011)  Sainsbury’s results,[online] Available at: http://www. racetothetop. org/results/result6/page_1. htm [Accessed: 17th Nov 2011]. 14. Wikipedia  (2011)  Sainsbury’s results,  [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sainsbury’s [Accessed: 16th Nov 2011]. How to cite Sainsbury Case Study, Free Case study samples